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February 6th, 2009, 14:46 GMT · By

Scientists Find Genetic Cause of Synaesthesia

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Synaesthesia is basically a mix-up of responses coming from all sensory areas in the brain, but which only answer to a single stimulus
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Researchers in the UK have managed to discover that the condition know as synaesthesia, which makes sufferers experience a cross-over of perceptions in the presence of a single stimulus, is triggered by genetic factors.

Furthermore, they have been able to also identify the general portion of DNA that is responsible for harboring the genes involved in the condition. This confirms that the ailment is passed on from mother to offspring, although hints to this have existed for a while.

The exact gene or genes that trigger the development have not yet been thoroughly identified, but researcher Julian Asher, from the Imperial College London, working with colleagues from the University of Oxford's Welcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, is sure that identifying them is merely a matter of time.

The main goal of this investigation is to yield the possibility of diagnosing the condition before it kicks off and interferes with a child's education (mostly if that child also suffers from autism). By tracing sets of base pairs in the test subjects' genomes, known as markers, the team was able to conclude which portions of DNA repeated within the family.

For this experiment, they gathered genetic samples from 196 individuals of 43 families, who presented a history of synaesthesia. Of these people, 121 were established to have it, which further boosted the experts' opinion that the condition was indeed handed down from generation to generation.

Another interesting find is that three medical conditions – synaesthesia, autism and epilepsy – actually seem to be related in a way, because they all show up in the same regions of a human chromosome, which suggests that they share an underlying forming mechanism. This would also account for why most synaesthesia cases appear in autistic people, and why some autistic individuals have epilepsy as children.

Basically, synaesthesia is a result of a different wiring inside the brain, and is not necessarily a bad thing. It's just that it's very different from the way normal people perceive stimuli coming from the outside, such as colors, sounds and tastes. "When I hear a violin, I see something like a rich red wine. A cello is more like honey," Asher, who also suffers from the condition, says.


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Comment #1 by: Jenny on 07 Feb 2009, 20:44 UTC reply to this comment

What the heck! How can it even be insinuated that this condition is a "negative" thing! My son absolutely loves his synaesthesia and I would never "take it away" from him - not for anything. It greatly enriches his life - even with his autism... Throughout history synaesthesia has been considered a gift from the gods - artists have tried to fake it for goodness sake!! I just can't believe anyone would be doing research to try to keep it from "kicking off" in children -- is there no appreciation for giftedness anymore? As a mother I am just horrified by the tone of this article...

Comment #1.1 by: Brie on 20 Dec 2011, 14:37 GMT

I entirely agree! Without synaesthesia, I would never have won a single spelling bee in my life, or remembered any of my times tables. Who's the pompous * who claimed that synaesthesia "interferes with a child's education?" That it is a "disease?" I can see the value in the research but I am absolutely appalled by this.


Comment #2 by: Sophia on 08 Feb 2009, 18:53 UTC reply to this comment

I have this and DO NOT want to be "cured." It is a part of who I am, not a disease from which I "suffer." I repeat, I DO NOT suffer from this at all! Being a synaesthete gives me the opportunity to experience the world in more ways with all my senses. From my perspective, it allows me to sense everything I do in full dimension, which enables me to write poetry a friend once described as "double Dutch chocolate." Without my synaesthesia, I could not be an award-winning writer or a successful artist. Four-fifths of my experience of the world around me would be missing.

I can, however, see the value in the research, because of its link to epilepsy and to autism. Epilepsy is a genetic condition which can be life threatening and does run in my family. I have a rare form of it, for which I take medication. If synaesthesia were completely enmeshed with the siezures, the synaesthesia would not be present while I am on the medication. However, the medication has no effect whatsoever on my synaesthesia, for which I am extremely glad. Depending on the degree of severity, autism is seen as either a blessing or as a curse (and anywhere in between) by those who have it. I know this, because my husband is on the autism spectrum, as is my stepson, and I have done considerable research on the subject in order to help with my stepson's education. Most autistic people do not want to be "cured," either. They want to be understood and to obtain education and therapy to help them function better in the world. Would this research shed light on these areas?

Comment #2.1 by: lw on 27 Aug 2010, 19:03 GMT

It angered me to read that we synesthetes "suffer" from an "ailment." Obviously not written by a synesthete! I've never spoken to anyone with synesthesia who would want to be cured.


Comment #3 by: costin on 06 Dec 2009, 21:16 UTC reply to this comment

how can i get Synaesthesia?..


Comment #4 by: Amber on 02 Feb 2010, 23:20 UTC reply to this comment

How dare you say that synaesthesia is a disease !.
What about the enhanced memory , the talents which come with it.
This is not something negative which "needs to be discovered early" , clearly you have never met a person with synaesthesia.
I play multiple instruments , am a great student who explores every possible hobby around her , and am a chatty Gemini.
Most of all I am proud of who I am and don't consider myself a "disease".


Comment #5 by: lw on 27 Aug 2010, 19:01 UTC reply to this comment

"Suffer" from Synesthesia? I'm a synesthete, and have never felt that I was suffering from an "ailment." Synesthesia is an absolute gift! I can remember numbers and names so easily. I can take a test, and tell you where the answer was on the page where I read it. Because it was in color and I remember it like a picture. I love having synesthesia!


Comment #6 by: eb on 29 Sep 2010, 11:26 UTC reply to this comment

To refer to synesthesia as a disease is in my opinion absolutely nonsense and it is really not suffering to be synaesthesic!!! I have grapheme-colour synaethesia for numbers and also visual-spatial synaethesia for numbers, days of the week, months of the year, etc. I have always been synaethesic and cannot imagine how anybody else can do maths if they cannot "see" the location of a number. It has really helped me to do calculations and to remember dates for instance. If your brain is wired this way it is a pretty normal experience and does definetely not interfere with a child's education. I never had a day's scholastic problems and finished school when I was 17. I run my own business in the medical field with great success. I would rather regard synaesthesia as a unique gift and a richer way of experiencing life. It is true that it runs in families - my father and sister is the same.


Comment #7 by: Elenar on 22 Jun 2011, 19:14 UTC reply to this comment

WHAT!? "Sufferers" of Synaesthesia? Condition to be cured? Interferes with a child's education?

I'm sorry, but with all due respect to the Oxford researchers - I think YOU need the curing!

I would fight to the death to keep my synaesthesia. I adore having it. I do not suffer from synaesthesia - I am GIFTED with it!!!


Comment #8 by: Biff on 27 Jul 2011, 01:43 UTC reply to this comment

You know, you people are getting very bent out of shape at the choice of one word in the article based upon your experiences. My wife is synaesthetic and while it is generally an awesome thing for her (she gets to experience so much richer a view of life), she also has some manifestations that can be extremely unpleasant. How would you like it if YOUR synaesthia caused you to taste a flavor you absolutely despise every time you see a particular shade of green?


Comment #9 by: r4m0n5ky on 23 Sep 2011, 10:12 UTC reply to this comment

This article makes me angry reading it. Synesthesia is no more a disease than having blue eyes. Just because it's out of the ordinary, does not make it threat or something negative. Study it because it's facinating, not to find a 'cure' and stop it.


Comment #10 by: Abie on 15 Dec 2011, 05:50 UTC reply to this comment

WellSaid!!!!!!!!


Comment #11 by: Brie on 20 Dec 2011, 14:35 UTC reply to this comment

If it weren't for synaesthesia, I would not have been able to memorize how to spell "field" or remember that 6 times 7 is 42. Synaesthesia was nothing but an aid to me in my childhood years, and so I am absolutely appalled that anyone would claim that it "interferes with a child's education." That is phrased in such a way that the unknowing person would assume that synaesthesia impedes the learning process, and this is entirely false. Furthermore, I am disgusted with your use of the word "disease," making it sound as if synaesthesia is a terrible something which needs to be cured. I was put off by these two factors and was not at all convinced that the author of this article really believed that it "is not necessarily a bad thing."

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