|
|
|
|
September 12th, 2009, 09:43 GMT · By Tudor Vieru
|
|
SHARE:
Adjust text size: 
|
|
|
Even when I was but a little boy, I had respect for science. The people in my family have it as well, with them being engineers and doctors and whatnot. They may not have agreed that evolution is the way humans evolved, but they were in doubt on this matter, especially my doctor mother. She believes in God, but cannot dismiss the mountain of evidence that supports Darwin's theory. So she found herself in a bit of an awkward situation whenever I asked her about this sort of things. But the bottom line is that, even though disagreement existed, the general idea in the family was that science was good, and, as such, everyone had respect for it.
This is certainly no longer the case today, especially in more developed countries. The leader in disbelief is the United States of America. Levels of scientific acceptance here are very low. Maybe this happens because the level of education in the country has plummeted over the past 15 years or so, and because scientific literacy rates are appallingly low. The US is no longer a leader of the scientific community through its own citizens alone. A quick look on the Science section on Softpedia will reveal a large number of Asian and Indian researchers leading the way in breakthroughs in various fields. That is not to say that I have something against them, or that I am implying that American experts are not in fact experts. Far from me to say this, I am merely pointing out a shift in the overall trends. Having said that, you should also consider the fact that statistics show very low high school science knowledge rates. That is, basic science. On such a background, the trend that more and more Americans have, of arguing that every new study that comes out (and disagrees with what they believe), is pseudo-science. I get the distinct impression that many of the people using these words, in comments sections here and on other sites or public forums and discussion boards, do not really know what they mean. They think that it sounds good to say it, and that they appear more intelligent for using that. If you want clear examples of this, search the Internet for articles on global warming. You will be treated to a display on comments by users who thoroughly and utterly dismiss literally hundreds of scientific studies in favor of just one. The investigations conducted by the largest research institutes and universities in the world, and by leading scientists in their respective fields, are called bogus, biased, and misleading, and counter-examples are given.
If, for example, one professor from MIT, or a NASA scientist, says that global warming isn't real, then critics have a field day with that statement. It may be taken out of context, or it may be exactly what that expert believes, but almost every article presenting research on global warming gets at least one or two comments screaming that “this MIT researcher said that” and “the NASA study showed that.” This may lead some of those who are the least informed in the “audience” to reconsider their position. However, if you were to search for officially published studies from NASA or MIT, taken from peer-reviewed, prestigious scientific journal, you would soon find out that the opinion of that sole researcher is in fact not shared by the studies he may have co-authored or referenced. In other words, NASA is one of the leading agencies that draws attention to the perils of global warming, simply because it has the most extensive capabilities of actually conducting studies on the matter. Its satellites have been surveying the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Greenland ice sheets for decades, and their time-lapse videos of the trends recorded over the last 30 to 35 years show a reduction trend clearly. Still, documents appear on the Internet and in obscure journals, showing that the Antarctic is cooling, which is false. Its Eastern part has for a while remained stable, but that is not evidence of recovery by a long shot. The Western part is, however, a complete mess. Even when confronted with video evidence, pictures, graphs and other evidence, many scream “pseudo-science.” And this stems from either one of two things. Either they play the agenda of large oil companies, and of those who have an invested interest in human kind not switching from dirty fuels to clean ones, or they are ignorant. And it's the latter category that it's the most dangerous, I believe. When you (a scientist trying to raise awareness on the issue, a science editor and so on) are dealing with a lobbyist working for Exxon and Shell, you know how to handle them. They are armed with distorted facts, and call the studies you cite as bogus and misleading before you get a chance to justly say the same about theirs. Attack is the best defense in such a discussion. But, when the people you are talking too simply do not know how to read a chart, or watch a time-lapse video, that's different. These people's inability to interpret even the most basic forms of science may in fact be the underlying cause of what drove us to the current situation, where leading experts are criticized by people with extensive knowledge of “the other studies.” For instance, I wrote a book review for Victor Stenger's Quantum Gods, and the comment section immediately saw the intervention of an individual who said that this is pseudo-science. Stenger is a professor of philosophy and an emeritus professor of physics, titles he collected over decades of scientific observations and published work.

|
But nowhere are the examples clearer than in discussions about religion and evolution. Like the conflict between Republicans and Democrats, this debate has taken new meanings over the Internet. Science editors such as myself, who do not feel like being politically correct, and indulged in mistakes simply to please everyone, only present the facts, and dismiss fantasies such as the opinion the Bible holds on science. Nearly at each such story, some one calls the evolution study presented in the piece bogus. “Bogus,” “misleading,” “pseudo-science” and “propaganda” are the most common terms used by creationists and Intelligent Design (ID) adepts to criticize the work of respectable scientists. And, in the vast majority of cases, the experts authoring the researches and journal papers are worthy of respect. But they are criticized nonetheless by people who believe the words of a 2,000-year-old book over uncontroversial scientific evidence, as if science and technology weren't the only two things that really advanced the human race over the millennia, at an ever-accelerating pace. But what bugs me personally the most is when someone posts a comment and says about evolution that it's “just a theory.” They make it sound as if it's something that is easily dismissed as groundless, and, frankly, it leads me to believe that they never opened a dictionary (not necessarily Wikipedia) and read the definition of the word. They fail to see what a theory means and implies, and place it on the same level of truth value as a belief or superstition. Perhaps this has to do with the fact that the word has been used casually in relation to every new idea that appeared over the years. TV presenters or radio hosts, for instance, call everything new and untested a theory, and this has come to be the norm, and the first thing people think about when hearing the word. Under these circumstances, calling evolution Darwin's theory is truly misleading to many. It may be that some do not do it on purpose, but televangelists and other religious fundamentalists and fanatics surely do. They mean to bring Darwin's work down to the level of a simple idea, that has not been empirically tested, and therefore holds no truth value. This is the largest mistake they make (if they do it unintentionally), or the lowest type of propaganda, if they know what they're talking about. Calling something a theory is, in fact, one of the biggest compliments a scientific idea can be praised with by the scientific community. It means that it has been formulated in such a manner that it can be easily tested and, most importantly, refuted. This means that, if negative evidence does not support the theory, it is cataloged as false, and science moves on to finding new explanations for a certain phenomenon.
There are no feelings involved in elaborating a theory. Faith in a higher power, or the scientist's own religious ideas do not contribute to its formulation in a distinguishable manner. When it does happen, peer reviews quickly identify the fault and point it out. This is just the way science works, and it does a remarkable job at staying as accurate as possible. Also, when this is applicable, control groups or knowledge is used to verify the hypothesis, and confirm or infirm it. In the end, assessing the validity of a scientific theory relies solely on facts and evidence, and not the kind stated in old and obsolete books. Evidence however goes both ways. But only scientific evidence can infirm scientific evidence. This is also Science 101. When clearly established, empirically tested knowledge is argued against with the stuff of fantasy, drawn from the Bible for example, the debate is no longer scientific, as it opposes a belief system to a field where none exists. Theories are also verified or dismissed through laborious and complicated scientific methods, ways in which things are down, which all new investigations need to respect. Obviously, this is not the case with any beliefs drawn from religion or other spiritual areas of life. ID and creationism do not rely on science, but on feeling and illusions. The most important approaches in science revolve around two views – a deterministic one and a probabilistic one. But none of these views is found in creationism. And this is where boards of educations ran by Christians fail to see the point, or are too desperate to push their own agenda and propaganda to notice. For instance, in Cobb Country, Georgia, the BOE said that biology textbooks should have stickers inside reminding teachers and students that evolution is only a theory, and so is Intelligent Design. “The two should have equal footing, since they are both merely possibilities,” the thinking went. But ID is not a theory, if not for everything else, then merely for the simple fact that it's not formulated or stated in such a way that allows for it to be unproven. There is no conceivable evidence you could show an ID adept to convince them of the error of their ways. No proof can refute ID. Creationists view this as one of their greatest victories, but it is in fact their major flaw, and the reason why they should, in a normal country and world, never be taken seriously. However, when you factor in American religious fanaticism and the fact that most people do not know basic science, and are not even ready to accept it because sometimes it is counter-intuitive to do so, the trend starts to make sense. The ridiculous debates that take place should simply not exist. Two centuries of work, genetic evidence and fossil record analysis are argued against with Bible quotes and the fact that some cells simply look to be too complex to have appeared on their own. Again, this is ridiculous at best, and completely ignorant at worst.

|
I will say this again – this debate is not the stuff of being politically correct and inoffensive, it is about accuracy. I care to debate stuff that is debatable as much, or more, than the next guy, but I will not argue with this. Where we came from is the second most important in the world, after “Where are we heading?” To have the answer to this essential query given by misinformed, ill-intent people, based on a single book or lack of scientific knowledge (for now) of a cell component is simply unacceptable, and everyone in their right mind should see this as obvious. I am not arguing against religion. Everyone is free to have their way with their lives. Some worship God, others the Devil, others Allah and Buddha, and others nothing at all, or Mother Earth. But when individuals from one of these groups want to infringe on my freedom (of being correctly informed, for instance), or on my children's freedom, I draw the line. American Christian fundamentalists can keep their kids homeschooled, and teach them that Darwin was an ape and global warming does not exist, but they must not, under any circumstances and at all costs, be allowed to take their erroneous beliefs to public schools and into governments.
|
|
|
|
TELL US WHAT YOU THINK:
|
9,985 hits
· 17 comments
· Link to this article
· Print article
· Send to friend
· Subscribe to news
|
MUST-READ RELATED ARTICLES:
READER COMMENTS: |
| Comment #1 by: Colin on 12 Sep 2009, 14:37 UTC | reply to this comment | It's rather confounding how we've gotten so far in terms of science and freedoms but are now entering some new age of ignorance. It's equally surprising how a few people can equate negative words of others and uncredible arguments to truth. Are people so uneducated these days that they have lost the ability to discern that they will fall for large quanitities of poor arguments?
Besides no one has disproved common descent, since every DNA sample shows a common ancestor.
If they want to pick at theories then Gravity is a theory but the only thing here is doubt the theory of gravity you'll feel it immediately after jumping but doubt the theory of evolution not really no personal harm (except to your understanding of the world). However the mechanisms behind evolution are far more explained, proven and known than gravity itself. Of course the religious texts don't have a bone against gravity and it is quite intuitive so we won't be seeing many gravity deniers.
From the opposite end if I were to put my shoes in an ID perspective, I'd think the creator was out of his/her/its minds when they gave us tailbones, appendices and wisdom teeth. Why put in such vestigial parts? to flaw a design?
No matter how many debates there are it all comes down to the issue: the power of belief (from what people have been told) over logic and compelling evidence. With the former so powerful it's no surprise people will blow themselves up thinking they'll be martyrs for hurting the enemy. Groundless belief is a very dangerous thing, gullibility just as much. Just look at how many people sign bans Dyhdrogen Monoxide petitions on youtube without asking what it is. Dyhrodgen Monoxide = H2O = Water... not wise to ban it. |
| Comment #1.1 by: boss4908 on 25 May 2010, 16:10 GMT | You are corect in saying a large portion of the population is so gullible they will beleave anything. But they are on both sides, Religion and Science as if they somehow opposed each other. Some people will beleave anything as long as it has data nomater if it is bogas and made up or covered up. Religion is the same, some people will believe anything as long as it has a religious heading. Others and myself to the supprise of many do not. There is a lot of teaching or theories today that is just not true. And if you are a person that does not beleaves every word a preacher or scientist says it is OK. You may not be dumb, backward or even a heretic just a person who likes to make his or her own mind. Gravity, even if you can not see it it is NOT a Theory it is a fact. Throw a brick up over your head and I will guarantee it will come back down and knock a whole in your head, fact. Man made global warming= Theory.... Big Bang= Theory... Parts of Evolution = Theory. For the people that beleave Darvins Theory of evolution I can tell you one thing that is TRUE FACT...Only the strong suvrive. The only way the US will stand is to be strong and resolve in its beliefs and freedoms through it's military or we will be run over by the strong and we will not survive.
I say have an open mind, read study question and learn. It's ok to question and disbelieve religion and science, especially from know liers and and cover-ups. It's your brain ...use it and do not let people get to you when you do not believe their THEORY by saying you are dumb. backward and uneducated. The Bible is NOT proof just as the UN said it so it has to be true. The United States of America is not a backward nation just because it questions elitest in Europe and at home. Believe or not to believe your choice in all Theories. |
| Comment #2 by: okwhen on 17 Sep 2009, 07:31 UTC | reply to this comment | The circumstances involving people’s belief in some sort of a God and science as somewhat a sketchy theory follows strict guidelines. Start brainwash children for childhood and reinforces it weekly or more and the result is inevitable. This can be accomplishes with any child because they rely solely on their caretakers direction.
The true father of psychology realized early on that humans are controllable. All that is needed is a common thread real or not. Today we call is reverse engineered psychology or disinformation both work remarkably well. For this reason, ninety percent of humans are beyond objectively reasoning with matters of science. |
| Comment #3 by: Turki on 17 Sep 2009, 17:24 UTC | reply to this comment | I agree with your opinion (The author of this article), but just two things to comment ;
1- If I understood correctly, you are pointing at Christians, and also used the term "Creationists" to refer to them differently, but there is a different between both. All Christians are ALL Creationists but not ALL creationists are Christians.
2- QUOTE : "Some worship God, others the Devil, others Allah and Buddha.."
Allah is the same thing as God. There is absolutely no difference between both.
Cheers
Turki |
| Comment #3.1 by: Tudor Vieru on 06 Oct 2009, 13:41 GMT | I understand your point. I called them by different names because, historically, people have been willing to kill to prove a difference, and they still are today.
As for the creationist/christian part, you are absolutely correct, it was an oversight on my part.
Thanks for the post
Tudor Vieru |
| Comment #4 by: OKWHEN on 18 Sep 2009, 06:42 UTC | reply to this comment | The circumstances involving people’s belief in some sort of a God and science as somewhat a sketchy theory follows strict guidelines. Start brainwashing children for childhood and reinforces it weekly or more and the result is inevitable. This can be accomplishes with any child because they rely solely on their caretakers direction.
The true father of psychology realized early on that humans are controllable. All that is needed is a common thread real or not. Today we call is reverse engineered psychology or disinformation both work remarkably well. For this reason, ninety percent of humans are beyond objective reasoning with matters of science. |
| Comment #5 by: Tudor Vieru on 21 Sep 2009, 14:09 UTC | reply to this comment | The appendix actually has a clearly-set role, it is home to a lot of good bacteria, which repopulate the intestines after an infection.
http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-Evolution-of-the-Appendix-119798.shtml |
| Comment #6 by: Heathen on 22 Sep 2009, 07:34 UTC | reply to this comment | It's not that simple and clear about so called global warming. There are serious researches substantiating fallacy of this phenomenon, to be more precise -its wrong interpretation. You mentioned oil companies interested in profits at the expense of the Mother Nature, but there is evidence that some multinationals such as Dupont are involved in global warming PR to promote their agenda. The same goes concerning AIDS. Everything is so vague and unclean (not simply unclear) in this province. It's funny to recall the things I personally believed in a few years ago when I was short of veracious information.
United States is the utmost example of what can happen when Religion, not inner Faith occupies more space in human-beings' lives than it ought to...
The Science must not become a new cult, but rather an instrument to cognize the world and its natural laws. |
| Comment #7 by: neK on 30 Oct 2009, 21:20 UTC | reply to this comment | "dismiss fantasies such as the opinion the Bible holds on science."
Actually, the Bible does not hold many opinions on science. The Bible only offers it's observations of events, and follows the most important theme of the need for salvation for mankind, and God's kindness in providing for that. You need to read and understand the whole Bible to get what God is doing. The people who read the Bible offer their opinions, and we don't always understand the difference between science and personal interpretation of the Bible (but we think we do). Sounds like you know a lot about science but have developed a healthy prejudice toward the Bible and "religion". The Bible is acceptable as a historically accurate document. The eyewitness accounts of Jesus' life are from people who were there and wrote about what they saw. Reject the Bible if you will, but please don't reject it without an honest approach to see what these people were trying to communicate to us.
And remember, don't judge a thing by it's abuse, but by it's proper use. |
| Comment #8 by: Tudor Vieru on 02 Nov 2009, 11:32 UTC | reply to this comment | "And remember, don't judge a thing by it's abuse, but by it's proper use"
You must be kidding. If not, please tell me more about the rise of Nazi Germany. Refrain from judging the abuse, and tell us all about its proper use.
Uh! |
| Comment #9 by: Carl J on 05 Nov 2009, 16:31 UTC | reply to this comment | "I am not arguing against religion. Everyone is free to have their way with their lives. Some worship God, others the Devil, others Allah and Buddha, and others nothing at all, or Mother Earth. But when individuals from one of these groups want to infringe on my freedom (of being correctly informed, for instance), or on my children's freedom, I draw the line. American Christian fundamentalists can keep their kids homeschooled, and teach them that Darwin was an ape and global warming does not exist, but they must not, under any circumstances and at all costs, be allowed to take their erroneous beliefs to public schools and into governments. "
if only more people would think like this.
side note: if religion didn't exist, cancer would be curable, humans would be living on mars and the moon now, basically everything would be better without religion.
side note 2: Religion indirectly kills. You got cancer? blame religion! |
| Comment #10 by: atticusflinch on 08 Feb 2010, 03:18 UTC | reply to this comment | @CarlJ
I am by no means religious. Admittedly, I am dealing with a personal prejudice, developed over the years, to christian fundamentalism in its various forms. However, as ironic as it may sound, there are some interesting ideas about the beginnings of the "age of reason" having connections to the literal hermeneutics developed around the Protestant Reformation. In sum, when protestants begin to literally translate biblical scriptures the nascent school of modern science asks itself why not literally translate the natural world. The emphasis on individual freedom and thinking also associated with the aforementioned reformation are important as well, insofar as the modern mind is concerned. Whether you are referring to a world where religion never existed, or a world in which religion faded out - I am insure. For that matter, do you simply mean western religion or all religion? Although I have no affinity to any form of religiosity, and tend to think of organized religion as a corruption of the idea of faith - as a fan of sound societal strategies designed to create order and adherence to the principles of law, it does have its place. Although I suspect you are being facetious (and if you are not - I still find your comment funny), it is a dangerous path when oversimplification is your guiding star (bad pun intended).
@author
Nice article. Sure, you bait the fish hook a little overtly (subtlety is a dying art - I'm terminal too :), but your points are dead on. |
| Comment #11 by: boss4908 on 24 May 2010, 21:00 UTC | reply to this comment | First of all a couple of definitions. Editorial = Opinion & Theory = Not yet proven but has some varied amount of evidence for the opinion. Such as the Geocentric Orbit Theory, The theory believed by such great thinkers as Aristotle, Ptodemy and most of the rest of the educated world of the time. The main disinters were the Christian / Islamic community as as with this artical I'm sure many was called STUPIT, Backward and uneducated and discounted by the so called scientific community. However we now know the Earth and the rest of the planets revolve around the sun. Which is not THEORY but proven fact. Theory as stated by Darwin in his book " The Origins of Species". Any change it human developement change happens before conception and little if any while in the womd, another Theory that we know as just a theory not fact. Now the THEORY of global warming and the thought that anyone who questions KNOWN liers data to be accurate is dumb, backward and holding on to their guns and religion. THEORY= Global Warming FACT= Falsified documents, coverup of the truth, political pressure. The truth is the Earth is constantly changing. I remember in the late 70's the scientific community was so worried about the tremendous build up of Ice at Antartica. The science said the alarming build up could cause a polar shift. Now we have warmed from the coldest time in known history is a suprise and something to be alarmed about. The Earth is constantly changing. Scientist in large numbers including NASA says there has been NO GLOBAL warming in over 10 years. Yes there are areas of the planet that might be warmer just as there are colder as well. Antarcia unquestionablely is colder in all areas except one, so let's stop the sell of all gas powered cars and planes except AL Gore's of couse. Big Bang, For almost all history science has stated that as far as the existance of the universe it was eternal. NO ending and no begining with the religious scoffers stating the creation in an instant by THE ETERNAL GOD. Now we have the Big bang THEORY that states the same thing except we do not know what caused the big bang and where the marble sized matter came from. So the only question NOW between Science and Religion about creation is the ~32000000000 th of a second before the big bang. Evolution, Most people know a large part of the THEORY of evolution is correct the only argument is the evolution from one species to another that is in question. For anyone interested The Bible says God created the heaven and earth. It does not say when or how or by what means. Big bang Theory might be true and biblical. The bible says GOD created man not when or by what means. Now the elitist statement that there are no feelings in a theory was proven wrong just by reading this arrogant artical.
I am a Christian and love true science and more times that not they agree if you do not have a blind hatred of either and it is very clear you do! |
| Comment #11.1 by: Tudor Vieru on 25 May 2010, 12:22 GMT | Your comment is very misleading, and is based on the same time of faulty reasoning that proponents of creationism rely on - no scientific data to back up your claims, but a lot of "educated guesses."
Where did you come up with the "fact" that NASA disproves global warming? All studies from the agency that I've read (and there were at least 100 of them) argued for the warming trend. Antarctic is also not cooling, that is not misinformation, that is a straight-up lie. You lie people to follow you? Way to go! Antarctica is beginning to warm even in the ONLY place that remained cold thus far, its eastern sector. Maybe you should actually pick up some science books, rather than talk about it.
Of course the Earth is changing, I think everyone agrees here. Is it changing constantly? Yes, it does. Is it changing due to countless factors (Sun, gravitational influence from other planets, volcanoes etc)? Yes, it does. Is it changing faster now than ever before, without these factors bearing the same influence as they did before? Also, unfortunately true. That difference, my friend, is human activity, pollution, GHG emissions and so on. Dig your hand into the proverbial sand all you want, but don't spread lies around. Global warming was not disproven by the poorly-set-up "ClimateGate" fiasco, if that's what you're referring to. It was a manipulation set up right before the Copenhagen summit, so as to persuade countries GW is not a problem.
Now, please, unless you have something useful and TRUE to add, take your pseudo-science and creationism ideas somewhere else. I for one have said this 1,000 times. Go read studies and books other than the Bible, and everything, as they say, shalt be revealed to you. The Bible is not an argument, in any scientific discussion. So please don't bring it up in this space again. Scientifically-valid arguments, on the other hand, are welcome. |
| Comment #12 by: boss4908 on 25 May 2010, 15:23 UTC | reply to this comment | You ar very correct the bible is not an argument it IS A THEORY and like just about every theory you either believe or disblieve. No problem, except the only THEORY that seems to be relevant can not in any way give any possibility of the existant of a god. Which is crazy. My point is not to prove God or disprove God but to state the clear fact of this artical. If you do not beleave in MY Theories you are somehow dumb, backward and uneducated and need to be taken out and shot and your an your outdated books burnt. The other point of the artical was to state the fact that WE the United States of America are stupid backward people that need to get in line with the enlightened ones ,Liberal Socialist European coutries. Well if you look around the globe the largest desent today of the Global Warming scam sorry THEORY comes from Europe, Germany leading the way. They are begining to see the UN scam as it is a power grab by Socialist Liberals. And as far a reading books other than the bible I read plenty including the ones listed above. And your point about NASA well Nasa has stated several times they do not have any DATA to support Global Warming they just copied the data from the now known scientist ( losely called) from Copenhagen that now admit they have no facts and made up and covered up anything they did not like. NOW THAT IS A FACT not Theory and you know it as everyone else does that hates to say I'm sorry for spreading the lies. Because they have toooooo much INVESTED!!!! Bible, GOD, Big bang, Parts of evolution and the man made Global Warming all theories, believe what you want and let others do the same. When it is proven it will become fact. |
| Comment #12.1 by: Tudor Vieru on 26 May 2010, 08:03 GMT | Whatever makes you sleep at night. I don't know why you dragged Europe as a continent into this, you make absolutely no sense. Do a search on the terms NASA and global warming and see what comes up. Also, please give me the source of your information. Where did you read that NASA said it does not support global warming? What does Socialism and Liberalism have to do with global warming? Do you even now what those terms mean? Have you ever talked with a Socialist? Or do you think Capitalism is the way to go simply because it's the only thing you know? The fact of the matter is that you are all words and no proof. Please list EVIDENCE for what you are saying, not that you've read something somewhere. I never said people in the US are stupid and backwards, I said some are. And this is the case around the world. I know you love to get offended by stuff, but you should get over it.
P.S. as far as I know, the most tangible evidence that global warming is taking place comes directly from NASA satellites. |
| Comment #13 by: psychydyl on 02 Jul 2010, 07:51 UTC | reply to this comment | @boss4908
You say,
" Gravity, even if you can not see it it is NOT a Theory it is a fact. Throw a brick up over your head and I will guarantee it will come back down and knock a whole in your head, fact. Man made global warming= Theory.... Big Bang= Theory... Parts of Evolution = Theory. "
Therein lies the misunderstanding or misuse of the word "theory". A "theory" is not a statement of fact, it is a descriptive testable explanation of observed reality. You say "Gravity... is not a theory(,) it is a fact".
In fact :-), the scientific usage of the word "gravity" denotes the very precisely measured mutually attractive behaviour of massive objects towards each other... "Gravity" is a behaviour and that's it. But how does one explain this behaviour of massive bodies? Einstein figure it out. He showed that the rules of gravity can be derived from the properties of space-time itself: General Relativity. General Relativity is the Theory of Gravity. It explains gravity.
Similarly, Man-made Global Warming is an suggestion TO ACCOUNT FOR the rise in global temperatures in sync with the growth of industry and the theory behind it is that the Greenhouse Effect is possible on a global scale. The global greenhouse effect (Global Warming) idea was put forth (by Carl Sagan, I think) to explain the climate on Venus. It then occurred to researchers that if it has happened on Venus, it could happen here on Earth if we made the earth's atmosphere more Venus-like. It turned out that we are indeed doing just that by pumping CO_2 and friends into it. The only question about this issue that is in debate is if human activities actually ARE the MAJOR cause of the recent rise in global temperatures or if the rise is a consequence of other factors and it is just a coincidence that the temperature rise is in sync with the increase in our usage of fossil fuels and deforested land and more.
The very well observed expansion of the universe meant that everything in the universe was closer together in the past. Using the observed speeds at which matter is flying apart, one can calculate using basic middle school maths, where the any lump was at what time in the past. It turns out that every lump of matter was at the same place 13.7 billion years ago. Something really powerful must have caused all this stuff to overcome all the gravity of the universe and fly apart. It could have been a bang. That's the explanation the Big Bang theory provides. It accounts for and explains the expansion of the universe.
As for the the presence of the wide variety of species ans sub-species in the bio-sphere, The Theory of Evolution is as simple an account as it gets: In any population individuals best suited for a new environment, thanks to the small differences between individuals of the same species, survive longer and leave more offspring who carry forward the traits that made their parents better suited. Over generations, these traits accumulate and the population starts appearing distinct from their distant ancestors to the extent that individuals from this new environment wouldn't produce offspring with those belonging to the old environment. Darwin's milestone was that his theory assumes that there is a quantifiable amount of information that passes from one generation to another (traits). (We now know that this information is stored as genes in our DNA). It explains how populations diverge to make new species.
The words "theory" and "fact" are not related to each other like "absolute" and "relative", or like "up" and "down". A theory accounts for what you call a "fact". A theory tells you why a "fact" is a fact. A theory is the what connects what you call a fact to the rest of reality in a way that can be measured in definite quantitative terms like kilograms, metres, seconds, coulombs and rates. | |
Copyright © 2001-2012 Softpedia. Contact/Tip us at 
|
|