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How to Make an Atomic Bomb

In easy steps

By Lucian Dorneanu, Science Editor

27th of April 2007, 15:31 GMT

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Diagram of a nuclear bomb
Enlarge picture
We will look today at what you need in order to make a nuclear fission bomb. You need some money, as it would really help
if you were the prince, sultan or other royalty of a small, but rich state. If not, you need to know on a first name basis some evil leader with lots of cash, oil, diamonds and so on, of a small but ambitious country, with a need for revenge on the world.

Step 1 - What is a nuclear fission bomb?

Fission bombs derive their power from nuclear fission, where heavy nuclei (uranium or plutonium) are bombarded by neutrons and split into lighter elements, more neutrons and energy. These newly liberated neutrons then bombard other nuclei, which then split and bombard other nuclei, and so on, creating a nuclear chain reaction which releases large amounts of energy. These are historically called atomic bombs, atom bombs, or A-bombs, though this name is not precise due to the fact that chemical reactions release energy from atomic bonds (excluding bonds between nuclei) and fusion is no less atomic than fission. Despite this possible confusion, the term atom bomb has still been generally accepted to refer specifically to nuclear weapons and most commonly to pure fission devices.

Step 2 - What do you need?

a. The fissionable material

Plutonium239 isotope. Around 25 pounds (10 kg) would be enough. If you could find some Uranium235, that would be good, but not great. You would need to refine it using a gas centrifuge. The uranium hexafluoride gas is piped in a cylinder, which is then spun at high speed. The rotation causes a centrifugal force that leaves the heavier U-238 isotopes at the outside of the cylinder, while the lighter U-235 isotopes are left at the center. The process is repeated many times over through a cascade of centrifuges to create uranium of the desired level of enrichment. To be used as the fissile core of a nuclear weapon, the uranium has to be enriched to more than 90 per cent and be produced in large quantities.

You could try buying it from a former Soviet Republic, or from Iran, since they're trying so hard to produce it. North Korea is not ready yet, and unfortunately, Iraqi dealers retired from the business.

b. The explosive to start the nuclear chain reaction

100 pounds (44 kg) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Gelignite (an explosive material consisting of collodion-cotton (a type of nitrocellulose or gun cotton) dissolved in nitroglycerine and mixed with wood pulp and sodium or potassium nitrate) would be better. Semtex would be good too, but it's a bit hard to get, these days.

c. The detonator

To fabricate a detonator for the device, get a radio controlled (RC) servo mechanism, as found in RC model airplanes and cars. With a modicum of effort, a remote plunger can be made that will strike a detonator cap to effect a small explosion. These detonation caps can be found in the electrical supply section of your local supermarket. If you're an electronics wiz, you should be able to make it using a cellphone.

d. The pusher

The explosion shock wave might be of such short duration that only a fraction of the pit is compressed at any instant as it passes through it. A pusher shell made out of low density metal such as aluminium, beryllium, or an alloy of the two metals (aluminium being easier and safer to shape but beryllium reflecting neutrons back into the core) may be needed and is located between the explosive lens and the tamper. It works by reflecting some of the shock wave backwards which has the effect of lengthening it. The tamper or reflector might be designed to work as the pusher too, although a low density material is best for the pusher but a high density one for the tamper. To maximize efficiency of energy transfer, the density difference between layers should be minimized.

Step 3 - How to build the nuke?

You will need to get the fissile material to the critical mass in order to start the chain reaction, which depends upon the size, shape and purity of the material as well as what surrounds the material. Your weapons-grade uranium will have to be in subcritical configuration.

First, you must arrange the uranium into two hemispherical shapes, separated by about 4 cm. Since it's highly radioactive, the best way do it is to ask the friend owning the small country to let you use one his facilities. You could use a nuclear plant, a steel factory or even a well equipped pharmaceutical installation as a disguise for your plans.

It is not sufficient to pack explosive into a spherical shell around the tamper and detonate it simultaneously at several places because the tamper and plutonium pit will simply squeeze out between the gaps in the detonation front. Instead, the shock wave must be carefully shaped into a perfect sphere centered on the pit and traveling inwards. This is achieved by using a spherical shell of closely fitting and accurately shaped bodies of explosives of different propagation speeds to form explosive lenses.

After a few careful calculations, all you need now is to carefully pack and transport your nuclear bomb to the targeted location. If you happen to be an Al-Qaeda fan, you should try to infiltrate a military facility, for the psychological effect. Watch it, though, they are usually well guarded!

Step 4 - Disguising the bomb and placing it for detonation

The smallest nuclear warhead deployed by the United States was the W54, which was used in the Davy Crockett recoilless rifle; warheads in this weapon weighed about 23 kg and had yields of 0.01 to 0.25 kilotons. This is small in comparison to thermonuclear weapons, but remains a very large explosion with lethal acute radiation effects and potential for substantial fallout. It is generally believed that the W54 may be nearly the smallest possible nuclear weapon, though this may be only smallest by weight or volume, not simply smallest diameter.

The best way to disguise it would be in the form of an ordinary appliance, like a copier, a widescreen TV set, or any other inconspicuous electronic device.

Now, all you have to do is transport it to the selected location and get to a safe distance of a few tens of miles, but not far enough to get out of the range of the remote detonator. That is why a cellphone is strongly recommended for its wide range capabilities.

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User opinions:


Comment #1 by: Slingy on 09 Jan 2008, 14:24 GMT reply to this comment

It all seems possible for a very determined mind. The only problem (fortunately) I see is actually getting the plutonium or uranium :) And again, I'm just a simple stumbler.. with enough money you can get anything.


Comment #2 by: Marty Mcfly on 09 Jan 2008, 19:01 GMT reply to this comment

If anyone can spare some plutonium I need it for my delorean to generate 1.21 gigawats of electricity and activate the flux capacitor to get back to my time.

I promise this plutonium will not be used to make a bomb for Lybian terrorist.

If anyone can spare it please contact me I only need about 23 pounds of it

Comment #2.1 by: Beast on 29 Sep 2009, 05:19 GMT

I have some in my basement, haven't needed it in years.


Comment #3 by: Michael Jackson on 16 Apr 2008, 23:58 GMT reply to this comment

Wow hahahahaha that's funny you guys are geeks and if you have anything to say about it email me!


Comment #4 by: deuZige on 06 May 2008, 13:03 GMT reply to this comment

@micheal jackson: What is the world coming to when Micheal Jackson starts calling people like us geeks.


Comment #5 by: Zac on 06 May 2008, 17:04 GMT reply to this comment

c'mon! this is so stupid.... i mean any terrorist can go online and use these instructions, that may be true, and build a bomb.... i vote against this How To make an Atomic bomb.... it's just bad!

Comment #5.1 by: Beast on 29 Sep 2009, 05:29 GMT

You're a fool. You could read this and any other post on the internet and still not know how to make the shell of an atomic weapon. It's called Nuclear Engineering, you don't posses 1/32ths the intelligence required to manufacture a damn home made rocket! I'm attending Rolla University of Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, similar in difficulty to Nuclear Engineering. I assure you that you, your friends, your friends friends, and your friends friends parents friends friends couldn't conjure the intelligence to produce any of this. This is a VEEERRRYYY basic list of materials, key components that are no secret. Perhaps this webpage shouldn't intimidate you as much as what you're child is learning in school -as he learns more about nuclear weapons and how to manufacture them than this sight begins to teach, he just doesn't know it. What about me? I've taken the physics and chemistry classes, I'm getting a Major in Aerospace Engineering and a Minor in Chemical engineering, do you think I couldn't already create a nuclear explosion? You're a fool, you're talking about a field of science that is so heavily regulated that it is impossible! Most countries can't get a hold of the materials needed to make it, yet you're worried about an intelligent citizen posting a basic educational instruction manual intended to enlighten you? He hasn't told you anything accept for a little on the Periodic table and a few element names, you could have gathered all of this by opening a High school Physics or Chemistry book -maybe you should try it -your ignorance scares me more than terrorists.


Comment #6 by: Rodney McKay on 12 May 2008, 08:20 GMT reply to this comment

Seriously, getting hold of the raw materials is near enough to impossible, and the whole thing fairly pointless. It's just having a go.


Comment #7 by: Abdulrahman on 16 May 2008, 16:06 GMT reply to this comment

well if you got these materials let me know to check whether this bomb will work or not lol .. i dont believe it will work ... and I agree with Zac if this is a real bomb.


Comment #8 by: Johnny Faceoff on 14 Jul 2008, 16:55 GMT reply to this comment

Well, quite frankly think this whole things is a bowl of strawberries and cream, I mean its brilliant. You are undermining the only power that these crettins hold over us. Yeah!! lets all make atomic bombs and shove them in each others faces... Rock on!!


Comment #9 by: hello on 21 Jul 2008, 17:33 GMT reply to this comment

honestly it's no secret anymore, but its not stuff u can buy at a hardware store

Comment #9.1 by: Edison John on 04 Jun 2009, 18:31 GMT

Honestly, as this reviewer said, technology for manufacture of Atomic bombs or thermonuclear bombs is no longer a secret. It is freely available. Yes! one need not search the Internet for information. In any case, who would openly leak out nuclear secrets for free ! Can as well get some dough ( money for it ! )
Base information about making a nuclear Bomb is freely available in the Internet or encyclopedia ! Like, theory classes in a college lecture Hall. But refined procedures to make the same work is is available to a select few only ( Few means - about 1000 or more scientists around the world . ) Last reports ( at the time of breakup of the Former Soviet Union ) suggested that probably about 500 of their nuclear scientists ( those who were involved in making nuclear bombs ! ) were thrown jobless subsequently ! it's very easy to " hire " them and " fire " them after their usage is over ! Why blame the soviets only ? Any citizen scientist of any nuclear power would willingly disclose classified information provided he/she gets adequately compensated ! So the technology is available - for a fee , of course ! . Hardware is the biggest problem. Where does one find the source for buying Uranium ( raw Uranium ) You cant't just walk into an ore site and just ask for a few truckloads of Uranium ore . Nobody sells Uranium ore like one sells cigarettes on the road ! Okay , so getting the base raw, raw, material is the first deadlock ! If one happened to get hold of Uranium ore by some means, the centrifuge business is equally daunting ! It will cost millions of dollars to set up a Uranium enrichment centrifuge facility ( Technology for a centrifuge is easily available ! ) Going one step further, the U-235 ( pure uranium ) can be used to make a fusion Nuclear Bomb as designed ( technically speaking ! ) in this article with refinements, wherever necessary . What does one do, if one has the technology, but not enough resources to manufacture it ? Again another deadlock ! Assuming that U-235 is available with you , but you are not going to go through the complex procedure of a fusion explosion, you can think of using Plutonium -239 to make a fission nuclear bomb ! How do you get nuclear fission quality Plutonium ? Only after building a multi crore facility called a fast breeder reactor ! , using heavy water and turning the spent U-235 fuel rods into plutonium ! Another deadlock ! Plutonium bomb is easier to make than a Uranium bomb, for obvious reasons ! So , one has the necessary technology in one's hands ( whether procured by good means or bad ! ) but not the resources to build a nuclear Bomb ! So, what's the final result ? Might as well not have ( or obtain ! ) the technology, which anyway, can never be implemented by Individuals ( even terrorists ! ) or Institutions , unless, governmental & Law enforcement agencies gang up with you to make the bomb ! Otherwise, it's only a NOTIONAL bombs, of which, one has NO USE !


Comment #10 by: Muhammed on 22 Sep 2008, 22:33 GMT reply to this comment

Last weekend i walked into Lowes and asked for 10 kg of Plutonium 239 isotope and was arrested on the spot. I mean granted my name is Muhammed and I have a massive amount of facial hair while sporting a turban, but can't a man try to get his hands on some radioactive material without people asking questions!?


Comment #11 by: MIG23 on 24 Sep 2008, 20:06 GMT reply to this comment

So, getting some fissionable material might be a bit of a problem, since it is forbidden by law to posses it in any country wealthy enough to afford it. Or you should be the head of one of those countries, in addition, usually military forces of almost any country get very annoyed if some of their uranium gets lost. Supposing you were to get some U235 and succesfully used it, scientist will figure out where did you get that stuff from, because Uranium or any ohter radiactiv material has its particular chemical composition due to the place it comes from. Even after the bomb blew everything it will still be traces to recon...


Comment #12 by: Saoud on 26 Sep 2008, 09:17 GMT reply to this comment

This is rubbish, having access on these materials, is a miracle, however, if anyone could be able to get, question, will he/she will able to create, not at all !


Comment #13 by: Aspiring Terrorist on 24 Nov 2008, 10:03 GMT reply to this comment

I thank you Mr. Lucian Dorneanu,
You have my word, your country will be the last one to get nuked.
*Goes to his back yard and starts making nukeS*

...NOT!
No one can get hold of such materials, let along gets the equipment to make such a weapon. Thats a blessing I tell ya.


Comment #14 by: Mats on 22 Jan 2009, 13:47 GMT reply to this comment

Hahaha i like this :p
and for those that are so stupid and think this is possible for a normal person
you should think about a thing or two..
1) How are you gonna get Uranium / Plutonium?
2) To get them refined you need a machine that can send Electrons in about 2x speed of light to them.. (good luck getting hold on that)
3) putting the highly radioactive stuff togehter.....?

Get the point? good luck.. :p


Comment #15 by: kollen on 23 Jan 2009, 23:49 GMT reply to this comment

actually it's possible to get plutonium. it's easy to get in in russia cause they are selling it to normal people and it's true. it's possible to put it all together too if you know much about physics

everything is possible


Comment #16 by: patrick on 24 Jan 2009, 15:06 GMT reply to this comment

Atomic boms and nuclear boms are different #1
and #2 it's nearly impossible if your not a hilghly trained porfessional because you could get a blood disease from the radioactivity if ur not carefull
but if you think you can just go on an kill urself.


Comment #17 by: your new hope on 27 Jan 2009, 04:16 GMT reply to this comment

first of all, you can't make the bomb... even a very experienced person in this field has lots of problems w/ the enrichment of uranium 235. It takes at least a year to enrich this uranium to raise it to about 80% enrichment. Even whose fields are nuclear chemistry or physics, they have a hard time to follow the procedure. This procedure is not accurate in detail. It's just a general idea. EX: they would just tell you that they used a plane to go to the moon. Thus getting to the point that the Uranium 235 is good enriched, takes a long time. It's true that they can trace the uranium you got. They would check the characteristic of the enriched uranium. Each country has their own tech. to enrich this uranium.
2nd of all, it's not enough to find a reactor that it can control the speed of the uranium rate... and it energy... you need lots of machines because you need to know what wave function you should use to get the beta, alpha or gama rays... you need to have a IR(a reading machine for the instrcture of the molecules)... a very good centrifuge... there are lots of centrifuges... but you need to get the one that has the highest ability to rotate more...there is no use in the centrifuge that can not rotate fast enough in a specific amount of time to separate the uranium 235.... this process has been done in chem labs. Even the TA's can not achieve a good result for easy solutions... It's always fuzzy and the solution doesn't usually get cleared... so you need to know lots of physical chem. beside that, you need to have the right equipment for ionization... depending upon what tech. you use, you need different equipments such as lazers... just go over Einstein theories... I'm very impressed w/ the things he had done... EX: you can think of the person who rides a motorcycle... How does that person go up the wall w/ his bike and doesn't fall off... see if you can relate the theory that is used to earth that it exactly circles around itself in a way that its distance w/ sun doesn't change... otherwise we were been dead because of severe coldness or hot weather of the earth... it would be waste of time if you are interested in this subject only because it's a hot topic among people. You just actually have to know lots of stuff about how their machines actually work...


Comment #18 by: Ally:D on 06 Mar 2009, 18:10 GMT reply to this comment

actually 1 u fire nuetrons into them and u have to fire them very slowly to crreate fission bcos when the nuetron hits it too fast it bounces off where as wehn it is fired in slowly it connetcts to the atom making in unstable making it split

soo get it roond ye


Comment #19 by: Chuck Diesle on 12 Apr 2009, 04:30 GMT reply to this comment

It is not as hard to acquire uranium as many of you think. There are privatly owned uranium mines through out the Uninted States. The main problem is making the Uranium wepons grade. This whould prove to be unbelievably expensive. Besides, any individual probably isn't mentally capable of building an atomic wepon.


Comment #20 by: James Kojiro on 14 May 2009, 13:18 GMT reply to this comment

Sure i can spare some plutonium marty, only if you get me Ash's pikachu


Comment #21 by: Jessy Tsai on 25 May 2009, 00:12 GMT reply to this comment

Did you guys know that plutonium was used to power heart pacemakers back in the 70s?

http://home.comcast.net/~dprutchi/nuclear_pacemakers.pdf

LETS GO HARVEST SOME MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE WITH HEART PROBLEMS!


Comment #22 by: papa on 27 May 2009, 08:59 GMT reply to this comment

This much info is insufficient . But by the time we were pondering, some people in pentagon gave the tech to napaki people , who did all that was to be done and even passed it on to Iran , N.Korea & Libya thanks to United States of Nuclear America . If Iran gets N-bombs , remember it is american technology.
Frankenstein.
Cross ur fingers.


Comment #23 by: weird world on 07 Jun 2009, 03:53 GMT reply to this comment

this is so stupid if u think u can get hold of this stuff then u need 2 go 2a hospital and get ur brain checked seriously and IF this works thats juz gona be retarted cuz this is only for pro use only nooooooooooooooo i mean NOOOOO normal person can make this with 4 easy steps im like 11 years old and kno better then all u crazy weird people


Comment #24 by: :D on 08 Jun 2009, 01:24 GMT reply to this comment

hahaha funny stuff.
Seriously guys, this wasn't actually meant to teach people how to make a bomb. It's just for fun. You don't need to live in fear of a nuclear holocaust because of this guy's instructions. :P
:D


Comment #25 by: Jesus on 08 Jun 2009, 18:14 GMT reply to this comment

Children you need not squable over a nuclear holocaust for I am come to take you home.


Comment #26 by: dest on 10 Jun 2009, 08:23 GMT reply to this comment

There's a funny headline. "Teenagers all across nation obliterating their hometowns in nuclear bomb making accidents. Where did they learn it? The internet!"


Comment #27 by: ........... on 25 Jun 2009, 08:27 GMT reply to this comment

Ok you have a fair point but jesus learn some english!
True you can't get these required materials unless ofcourse you have a ridiculous amount of money, and the right sources.


Comment #28 by: fallout 3 on 02 Jul 2009, 13:32 GMT reply to this comment

wow now i can finaly play fallout 3 in real life with my friends!!!!
but uhm i dont think it wil work even if it works i woukld take to much money to make


Comment #29 by: Hannah Daryl on 09 Jul 2009, 08:09 GMT reply to this comment

Well, this article certainly is interesting. However, I am quite sure that obtaining radioactive materials and making them weapon-grade will present difficulties, which will deter many people, so this website will not be responsible for a nuclear holocaust whether 'Jesus' is here to gather us home or not.


Comment #30 by: Bob Landerson on 16 Jul 2009, 03:27 GMT reply to this comment

hahahah this article made me laugh, though not as much as "mats" number 2 reason you can't follow the steps of this article
2) To get them refined you need a machine that can send Electrons in about 2x speed of light to them.. (good luck getting hold on that)
I wonder why Fission bombs exist if they require a machine which does the impossible i.e. breaking the theory of relativity which clearly states that the closer an object gets to the speed of light the more it's mass increasing directly proportional to it's speed, the increase of mass means that it will never reach the speed of light, I'm terrified at the thought of an electron, even with it's tiny initial mass, going two times the speed of light and colliding with anything.


Comment #31 by: F**K on 21 Jul 2009, 08:38 GMT reply to this comment

THERE IS NO WAY YOU CAN BUILD UR OWN BOMB UNLESS U HAVE TRILLIONS


Comment #32 by: Nate on 27 Jul 2009, 03:59 GMT reply to this comment

lol, whoever attempts this is a retard, incurring the fact that such an attempt is illegal and futile, the cost of enriched plutonium/uranium is more than that of the average person can afford, and the military has satalites that can detect if someone is building such a thing from radiation/x-ray/thermal, if you are caught, you WILL be shipped to a military prison, only to be interrigated later, and also, the bombs built by the military are high-quality, SAFE, and were built under the supervision of profesionals, building you own can result in catastrophic failure, usually resulting in death, depending on the degree of the failure, as stated below:

Detonation while you are in proximity(catastrophic): Death

Exposure to excessive radiation(severe): R. Poisoning/Death/Cancer

Ingestion of any of the radioactive elements(mild: Deadly poisoning/Cancer/Death

Detection by military satalites(non-failure):Up to life imprisonment

I HIGHLY recomend you do NOT attempt ANY such thing, doing so will most likely result in VERY bad consequences


Comment #33 by: SPQR on 29 Jul 2009, 22:14 GMT reply to this comment

Just to say you dont really have to go out and try and mine or buy all the required items to make this atomic bomb last time I checked afterthe cold war Russia lost track of a lot of there atomic weapons and I am sure if you go to there country with enough money or enough wits on old military locations you can find enough of each weapon if not a hole weapon to make one and by the way the blue prints for the weapon one this artical would make a atomic weapon and would be able to a blast with it only thing about this is your target could not be in the U.S. the chances of you getting the material from within the U.S. is very unlikely inless its a Gov. conspiricy of some sort and then trying to go out of the country and mine or buy the items for this and getting it back into the U.S. is very unlikely and then you run into another problem for you to get the best damage capability out of this weapon you would have to get it into to the air a ground detination would be very bad but if you really wanted to do damage you would have to detinate it in the air above your target good luck getting that weapon in a big enought plan without questions to what it is.


Comment #34 by: ceci on 21 Sep 2009, 09:33 GMT reply to this comment

TO DO LIST:


1. make an atomic bomb.

2. get my clothes from the dry cleaners.











becareful, cause its the average joe that makes these lol
;]


Comment #35 by: Sivaprasad on 01 Oct 2009, 17:37 GMT reply to this comment

This is the ground lelvel condition exaplained here.This is not enough to make a nuclear bomb.Antother thing it is not at all distructive than a biological wepon.It can be easily caught and busted u to jail.try to make new things that are more distructive, repetation is always boring atomic bomb already. I am now making a new biological wepon that is 10 time distructive than an atomic bomb.


Comment #36 by: pferland on 05 Oct 2009, 16:26 GMT reply to this comment

I dont know if anyone noticed but the image on this artical is for a Fusion bomb, not Fission. A Fission bomb does not usually have a secondary primer.


Comment #37 by: Mad Scientist on 10 Oct 2009, 15:16 GMT reply to this comment

1. Make nuclear bomb
2. Start World War 3
3. ???
4. PROFIT!


Comment #38 by: gor on 15 Oct 2009, 06:50 GMT reply to this comment

get a life people, do you honestly think we would get instructions on here for all the so called leders to find??? its realy a set up so you have the best fireworks disply this year,be good


Comment #39 by: Jared O'Hare on 20 Oct 2009, 19:20 GMT reply to this comment

please all of you must be itellectually inept to seriously believe taht you can actually complete such a task. Run it Again.


Comment #40 by: choco on 21 Oct 2009, 10:19 GMT reply to this comment

@ Beast

You evidently don't seem to have read the article correctly - you mention that "[You are] attending Rolla University of Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering"; however, nowhere in this article does it suggest or describe launching a hypothetical atomic bomb using aeronautical engineering. We can thus conclude that you are unqualified to make comments on this article and should keep your fanatical and somewhat rude opinions to your self. We are all very happy that you have taken chemistry and physics classes, maybe you should have taken english as well - then you would have been able to read the article correctly. :)


Comment #41 by: saman on 03 Nov 2009, 16:53 GMT reply to this comment

Oh come on guys.....dont build terror ...its realy funy to follow dese instrictions n make a bomb....lolz....

WE SHOULD PROMOTE PEACE IN ALL OVER THE WORLD..BECOZ HUMANITY IS THE 1ST STEP TO BE A GOOD HUMAN.........ALL RELIGIONS MOTIVATE FOR GOOD THINGS , GOOD THOUGHTS AND GOOD DEEDS...

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