Carbon, the New King in the Semiconductor Industry

Riae of the machines :)
Skip the hybreads and go straight to full processors.
Intell has the alll the resources neded
AMD "will just get you nowhere fast"

Looks like the beginning of some really advanced a.i.. I guess cyborgs would be the intermediary step before all out terminators.

References
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununquadium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_(semiconductor)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium
http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/bohr-model-of-atom-and-quantum-theory.html

Silicon (Atomic Number 14) & Germanium (Atomic Number 32) are classified as good semiconductors and used in electronics for creating active components viz diodes, transistors, integrated circuits.

For the Group IV semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, and silicon carbide, the most common dopants are acceptors from Group III or donors from Group V elements. Boron, arsenic, phosphorus, and occasionally gallium are used to dope silicon. Boron is the p-type dopant of choice for silicon integrated circuit production because it diffuses at a rate that makes junction depths easily controllable. Phosphorus is typically used for bulk-doping of silicon wafers, while arsenic is used to diffuse junctions, because it diffuses more slowly than phosphorus and is thus more controllable.

By doping pure silicon with Group V elements such as phosphorus, extra valence electrons are added that become unbonded from individual atoms and allow the compound to be an electrically conductive n-type semiconductor. Doping with Group III elements, which are missing the fourth valence electron, creates "broken bonds" (holes) in the silicon lattice that are free to move. The result is an electrically conductive p-type semiconductor. In this context, a Group V element is said to behave as an electron donor, and a group III element as an acceptor.

According to 2n square rule they have 4 valence electrons in their outermost orbit.

2n Square rule
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C - Atomic Number 6 -> 2, 4

Si - Atomic Number 14 -> 2, 8, 4

Ge - Atomic Number 32 -> 2, 8, 18, 4

Gd - Atomic Number 64 -> 2, 8, 18, 32, 4

Uuq - Atomic Number 114 -> 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 4

As we see Carbon (Atomic Number 6) , Gadolinium (Atomic Number 64)
and Ununquadium (Atomic Number 114) do also have 4 valence electrons in which they can form chemical bonds.

1. Why Carbon , Gadolinium and Ununquadium cannot act as Good Semiconductors though they have 4 valence electrons in their outermost orbit/shell ?.

2. Why these elements though having 4 valence electrons in their outermost orbit/shell cannot be used for doping process with Boron, arsenic, phosphorus, gallium ?.

3.Other than Silicon and Germanium, which other elements
can be used as semiconductors ?


4. As compared to other Semiconductor materials why silicon and germanium are used for manufacturing electronic components viz diode, transistor, integrated circuits ?.

Is it because it is available in abundance and less costly as compared to other semiconductor materials ?

5. Can i use Carbon, Lead, Tin from Group IV element to dope with Group III or Group V to create diodes, transistors and integrated circuits ?

Awaiting your reply,

Thanks & Regards,
Prashant S Akerkar